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Influence of Chromite Ore Selection on the Pelletized Oxidative
The smelting of chromite to produce ferrochrome (FeCr) and subsequently, stainless steel, is an energy-intensive carbothermic process. Various countries apply the Outotec FeCr process, which employs oxidative sintering in air to produce mechanically strong chromite pellets. During this process, iron (Fe) is liberated from the chromite spinel due to the elevated …
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The Direct Alloying of Steel through Silicothermic Self
Organosilicon materials generate copious amounts of Si-containing solid waste during production, leading to severe environmental pollution and substantial resource squandering. In pursuit of the resource utilization of Si-containing solid waste, this study conducted experimental research on the direct alloying of molten steel through the …
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Efficient reduction of Cr(VI) and recovery of Fe from chromite ore
Chromite ore processing residue (COPR) is a by-product generated after the leaching of sodium chromate by roasting chromite ore at 1200 °C. However, the residual 1130–8500 mg/kg of highly toxic Cr(VI) in COPR poses a severe threat to the ecosystems ( Du and Chrysochoou, 2018, Xia et al., 2020, Molinari et al., 2021, Guleria et al., 2022 ).
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Smelting Process of Chromite Ore Fines to Produce Crude …
The smelting behavior of waste chromite ore fines containing Cr and Ni to produce crude Fe–Cr–Ni–N alloy was investigated in this study.
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The extractive metallurgy of South Africa's platinum ores
The concept of Pd recycling is to extract Pd from the waste materials such as spent catalysts, [7] automotive catalytic converters, [8] waste electronics [9] and used nuclear fuel. ...
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Research on the environmental stability performance of chromite ore
1. Introduction. Chromite ore processing residue (COPR) is a kind of hazardous waste because of the existence of highly leachable and carcinogenic hexavalent chromium (Cr(vi)), which is generated during chromium salt production.While chromium salt is an important strategic resource which is widely used in electroplating, tanning, chemical reagents, wood …
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(PDF) Recycling of Chrome-Containing Waste from a …
Prolonged development of ore deposits, ore beneficiation and metallurgical smelting of concentrates result in the accumulation of wastes, forming large-scale dumps and sludge ponds...
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An Overview of Currently Applied Ferrochrome …
Ferrous waste by-products from the metallurgical industry have a high potential for valorization in the context of the circular economy, and can be converted to value-added products used in environmental remediation. ... 12, 534. …
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An Overview of H
SA is estimated to hold ≈75% of the world's economically viable chromite ore reserves. ... it is essential to identify the optimal H 2 CH 4 ratio for optimal smelting operations. The by-products formed in Reaction react according to ... This process involves crushing and grinding the slag to separate the valuable FeCr from the waste material. ...
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Efficient utilization of nickel rich Chromite Ore Processing Tailings
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2021.128046 Corpus ID: 237661381; Efficient utilization of nickel rich Chromite Ore Processing Tailings by carbothermic smelting @article{Kumar2021EfficientUO, title={Efficient utilization of nickel rich Chromite Ore Processing Tailings by carbothermic smelting}, author={Pankaj Kumar and Sova Patra and Sunil Kumar …
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Recycling of Chrome-Containing Waste from a Mining and
Prolonged development of ore deposits, ore beneficiation and metallurgical smelting of concentrates result in the accumulation of wastes, forming large-scale dumps and sludge ponds negatively affecting the environment and human health. The creation and introduction of industrial waste treatment technologies will make it possible to dispose of them …
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Ferrochromium Smelting In Zimbabwe
Ferrochrome Smelting in Zimbabwe Chromite ore output Million mt Chromite ore reserve 2007 mt % Rank mt % Rank South Africa 5,500 72.4 1 8.7 39.9 1 Zimbabwe 930 12.2 2 0.9 4.1 6 4 Kazakhstan 320 4.2 3 3.8 17.4 2 Finland 120 1.6 4 0.6 2.8 7 India 67 0.9 5 3.3 15.1 3 Turkey 20 0.3 6 1.3 6.0 5 Brazil 17 0.2 7 0.6 2.8 8 Others 626 8.2 8 2.6 11.9 4 ...
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How to Build a Chrome Processing Plant | Mining Pedia
The efficient extraction and processing of chromite ore into usable chrome products require specialized equipment and procedures. +86 ... wastewater, and solid waste on the surrounding environment. 02 Plant ... By-products from the smelting process can sometimes be repurposed for other industries, such as construction. 04 ...
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Smelting of High-Carbon Ferrochrome from Prereduced Chromite …
Experimental smelting of three batches of prereduced chromite raw materials with different degrees of metallization of chromium was conducted in the 0.2 MVA ore-smelting furnace of the Chemical ...
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The Utilization of Alkali-Activated Lead–Zinc Smelting Slag for
Due to the fast development of the nonferrous metal industry, much higher levels of smelting residues were produced, and most smelting residues previously were dumped without safe disposal [1,2,3]. The long-term storage of massive smelting waste causes great damage to the ecosystem and threatens human health [4,5]. Therefore, the treatment and ...
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Recycling of Chrome-Containing Waste from a Mining and
The aim of this work is to develop a non-waste production technology for the complex processing of waste chrome ore gravity concentrations by chemical enrichment …
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Smelting Process of Chromite Ore Fines to Produce Crude …
alloy by smelting process of waste chromite ore fines using plasma smelting route. The subject of this work is to study the effect of plasma environment, charge chemistry, and plasma exposure time on the recovery of chromium and nickel from chromite ore and absorption of nitrogen from the plasma environment. 2 Experimental 2.1 Materials The ...
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Minerals | Special Issue : Ferrochrome Waste Management
FeCr is mainly produced by the energy-intensive carbothermic smelting of chromite ore in submerged arc furnaces (SAFs), and, to a lesser extent, direct-current (DC) arc furnaces. Several solid and gaseous byproducts (considered by industry as wastes) are generated during FeCr production depending on the production route employed, and are ...
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Feasibility Exploration of the Efficient Recovery of Chromium from …
Chromite constitutes a mere 3.72% of the ore sample, yet it is enriched with a 63.40% chromium content. Consequently, on the basis of determining the granularity and liberation characteristics of chromite and the occurrence state of chromium, we predicted that the recovery rate could reach 39.47%, constituting a feasible value for chromium ...
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The Utilization of Alkali-Activated Lead–Zinc Smelting Slag for
Lead–zinc smelting slag (LZSS) is regarded as a hazardous waste containing heavy metals that poses a significant threat to the environment. LZSS is rich in aluminosilicate, which has the potential to prepare alkali-activated materials and solidify hazardous waste, realizing hazardous waste cotreatment. In this study, the experiment included two parts; i.e., …
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Chromium (Cr) Ore | Minerals, Formation, Deposits
Smelting: Once the chromite ore is concentrated, it is then smelted to produce ferrochrome, which is a key alloying element in the production of stainless steel. Smelting involves the reduction of chromite ore in the presence of a carbonaceous material (such as coal or coke) in a submerged electric arc furnace or a blast furnace. The high ...
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Human exposure to chromite mining pollution, the
Chromite ore mining is a typical mining industry with substantial environmental hazards. Chromium metal derived from industrial chromite mining is used in the production of stainless steel, leather industry, paint industry, and other important industrial usages [11].Nevertheless, the presence of chromium ions, particularly hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in …
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Afrochine takes action on chromite ore waste management to …
Central to this investigation is how Afrochine Chrome Smelting in 2022 responded with an improved waste management plan following a mysterious foot rash outbreak that presented a health risk to the community ... Whaleman and ia farm compound dwellers linked a mysterious foot rash sickness to the chromite ore waste that was disposed to ...
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(PDF) Processing of Low-Grade Chromite Ore for
The low-grade siliceous chromite ore from Ghutrigaon, Odisha, India, containing ~ 16% Cr2O3, with Cr/Fe ratio of 1.97 and ~ 55% of SiO2, does not find any use in metallurgical industry and hence ...
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Identification and Description of Mineral Processing Sectors …
other miscellaneous uses (12 percent).2 Exhibit 1 summarizes the producers of chromium products in 1992. Only a small amount of the chromite is ... Ferrochromium is made by smelting chromite ore in an electric arc furnace with flux materials (quartz, ... Processing, Volume II, Office of Solid Waste, July 1990, p. 4-2. 17 Processing of either ...
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The Effect of Pre-Oxidation on the Reducibility of Chromite Using
The majority of ferrochrome (FeCr) is produced through the carbothermic reduction of chromite ore. In recent years, FeCr producers have been pressured to curve carbon emissions, necessitating the exploration of alternative smelting methods. The use of hydrogen as a chromite reductant only yields water as a by-product, preventing the formation of carbon monoxide (CO) …
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(PDF) Smelting Process of Chromite Ore Fines to Produce Crude …
The smelting behavior of waste chromite ore fines containing Cr and Ni to produce crude Fe-Cr-Ni-N alloy was investigated in this study. In the experiments, for each heat, liquid steel melt (metal pool 1 kg) was prepared in a 3-capacity laboratory-scale electric arc furnace for the absorption of reduced metals like chromium, nickel, etc., under hydrogen and nitrogen plasma atmosphere …
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Smelting Process of Chromite Ore Fines to Produce Crude …
The smelting behavior of waste chromite ore fines containing Cr and Ni to produce crude Fe–Cr–Ni–N alloy was investigated in this study. In the experiments, for each heat, liquid steel melt (metal pool 1 kg) was prepared in a 3--capacity laboratory-scale electric arc furnace for the absorption of reduced metals like chromium, nickel, etc., under hydrogen and nitrogen …
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The Utilization of Alkali-Activated Lead–Zinc Smelting Slag for
Lead–zinc smelting slag (LZSS) is regarded as a hazardous waste containing heavy metals that poses a significant threat to the environment. LZSS is rich in aluminosilicate, which has the ...
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Samancor Products
Western Chrome Mines has a capacity of 2.0 million tons of run of mine ore. The main products of the mines are metallurgical and chemical concentrates, with some foundry grades. ... The blasted rock consisting of some 70 percent chrome ore and 30 percent waste, is then loaded by load-haul-dump units and transported to conveyor loading points ...
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