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Preparation and characterization of chalcopyrite compound for thin film

The highest transmittance value is observed for selenium (12%) with band gap energy about 1.52 eV and for the deposited film with sulfur the lower transparency of 9% at 800 nm with band gap energy about 1.46 eV.The higher value of the refractive index (3.5) for films prepared using sulfur as a precursor is attributed to the thickness (1.99 μm ...

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Aluminum‑Based Chalcopyrite Thin Films and Solar Cells

Aluminum‑based chalcopyrite materials have attracted attention because of the wide controllability range of their material properties and potential for use in energy‑conversion devices. Herein, CuAlSe2‑based thin‑film growth and solar cell device properties are discussed. Ternary CuAlSe2 thin films are relatively unstable and decompose weeks after film growth, …

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Depressants for separation of chalcopyrite and molybdenite: …

Hydrophilic films can be formed on chalcopyrite surface to cover the surface, making surface hydrophilic. ... The adsorption concentration of DMSA on chalcopyrite is 0.29 mg/g, which is much higher than that on molybdenite (0.05 mg/g) after adding 46.67 mg/L of DMSA. In addition, the quantum chemistry results show that the frontier orbital ...

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The dissolution and passivation mechanism of chalcopyrite in

Chalcopyrite (CuFeS 2) is the most abundant copper-containing resource in the earth and is also widely distributed in solid wastes and secondary resources.Biohydrometallurgy (bioleaching) is considered as a promising minerals processing and extractive metallurgy technology because of its environmental and economic advantages over the conventional …

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Chalcopyrite thin films and solar cells prepared by using …

Chalcopyrite Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S) 2 material system has been extensively investigated for solar cell applications since its parent material CuInSe 2 (CIS) was first synthesized in 1953 [1], [2].Their adjustable direct bandgap and high absorption coefficient make the chalcopyrites ideal absorber materials for thin film solar cells [2], [3], and power conversion efficiencies of ~ 15% …

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Aluminum‐Based Chalcopyrite Thin Films and Solar Cells

AbstractAluminum‐based chalcopyrite materials have attracted attention because of the wide controllability range of their material properties and potential for use in energy‐conversion devices. Herein, CuAlSe2‐based thin‐film growth and solar cell device properties are discussed. Ternary CuAlSe2 thin films are relatively unstable and decompose weeks after film growth, …

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Chalcopyrite

A Review on Sputtered Chalcopyrite and Kesterite Thin Film Solar Cell☆ ... Dependence of the leaching rate of chalcopyrite on the concentration of the ferric ion. The quantitative expression of the effect of temperature for this case is indicated by the Arrhenius plot shown in Fig. 12.5 for the investigated concentrations of 1.0 of, ...

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Optimizing CuFeS2 Chalcopyrite Thin Film Synthesis: A

The optimized thin film exhibits a plate-like surface morphology and demonstrates p-type semiconducting behavior with a purity of 93% for the CFS chalcopyrite phase. These …

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Gallium gradients in chalcopyrite thin films: Depth profile

Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 films are used as absorber layers in chalcopyrite thin film solar cells. As the gallium concentration in the absorber can be used to control the band gap, there have been many efforts to vary the gallium concentration in depth to gain an optimum balance of light absorption, carrier collection, and recombination at different depths of the absorber film, leading to improved …

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Chalcopyrite thin film solar cells by electrodeposition

This paper reviews the state of the art in using electrodeposition to prepare chalcopyrite absorber layers in thin film solar cells. Most of the studies deal with the direct preparation of Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 films, and show that the introduction of gallium in the films is now becoming possible from single bath containing all the elements. Electrodeposition can also be …

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Chalcopyrite compound semiconductors for thin film solar cells

Chalcopyrite thin-film tandem solar cells with 1.5 V open-circuit-voltage. 2006 IEEE 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conference 7–12 May 2006 ... What is the dopant concentration in polycrystalline thin film absorbers? Thin Solid Films (2016), 10.1016/j.tsf.2016.09.038.

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Properties of Chalcopyrite-Based Materials and Film

Sodium-containing glass, or the deliberate addition of Na to the growth process, was the key for further controlling film growth and free carrier concentration. These developments were mostly …

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The influence of NaCl on xanthate adsorption on chalcopyrite …

The true flotation recovery of chalcopyrite in Fig. 2 (a) indicated that chalcopyrite surface hydrophobicity was elevated at a higher PAX concentration in general and the adsorption of PAX on chalcopyrite surface played a significant role in chalcopyrite flotation. It is important to note that in deionised water, chalcopyrite surface oxidation ...

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Toward Understanding Chalcopyrite Solar Cells via …

While silicon solar cells are current market leaders in this respect, thin-film solar cells based on chalcopyrite, perovskite, and organic materials can be used to produce portable, flexible, wearable, and building-integrated …

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Properties of Chalcopyrite-Based Materials and Film

The development of chalcopyrite-based solar cells started in the early 1970s, when Wagner et al. [1] realized a 12% efficient solar cell based on a CuInSe 2 single crystal. A few years later, Kazmerski et al. [2] were able to demonstrate the first thin-film solar cell by evaporation of CuInSe 2 as a compound. Even though these results were very promising it took two decades until the …

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Advancement in Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide (CIGS)-Based Thin-Film

Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS)-based solar cells have received worldwide attention for solar power generation. CIGS solar cells based on chalcopyrite quaternary semiconductor CuIn 1-x GaxSe 2 are one of the leading thin-film photovoltaic technologies owing to highly beneficial properties of its absorber, such as tuneable direct band gap (1.0–1.7 eV), …

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Chalcopyrite thin-film solar cells by industry-compatible ink-based

Chalcopyrite-based thin-film solar cells made by vacuum deposition techniques have recently proven that they are serious candidates to compete with crystalline silicon technology, which is still dominating the market in the photovoltaic industry: in the laboratory, power conversion efficiency of 14.5% (0.447 cm²) [1] has been reached for CuInSe 2 (CIS) …

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Modeling metastabilities in chalcopyrite-based thin film solar cells

Cu(In,Ga)Se2-based thin film solar cell devices exhibit metastable electrical behavior. This behavior is often ascribed to intrinsic defects that can change configuration accompanied by large ...

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Chalcopyrite Dissolution: Challenges | SpringerLink

The lattice energy of chalcopyrite is close to 17,000 kJ mol −1, and the standard enthalpy of formation ΔH f and the standard Gibbs free energy of formation ΔG f ° values are −193.6 and −190.6 kJ mol −1, respectively.These ΔH f and ΔG f ° values are in the common range for sulfide minerals and do not explain the recalcitrance and unfavorable kinetics of chalcopyrite …

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Gallium gradients in chalcopyrite thin films: Depth profile analyses …

Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 films are used as absorber layers in chalcopyrite thin film solar cells. As the gallium concentration in the absorber can be used to control the band gap, there have been many efforts to vary the gallium concentration in depth to gain an optimum balance of light absorption, carrier collection, and recombination at different depths of the absorber film, …

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Hydrogen concentration in chalcopyrite thin film solar cells

A thin-film solar cell based on a Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) absorber layer deposited by pulsed laser deposition has been fabricated with an Al:ZnO (n-type) window layer and a CdS …

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Aluminum-Based Chalcopyrite Thin Films and Solar Cells

A decrease in the alkali metal concentration in CIAS films with increasing Al concentration is observed, indicating that the formation energy of alkali-metal substitutional defects on the Cu site is high, and/or Al-related complex defects formed are kinetically stable and difficult to replace with alkali metals once they form.

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Properties of flash evaporated chalcopyrite absorber films and …

Chalcopyrite thin films were produced by flash evaporation. ... In all cases the measured selenium concentration of the films was between 42 and 47%. For boat temperatures necessary to prevent a shift of the Cu to Ga and/or In ratio the layers showed a selenium concentration of typically 42–43 at.%. No significant influence of the substrate ...

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Solar Cells, Chalcopyrite-Based Thin Film | SpringerLink

Alloys of multinary chalcopyrite compounds allow all kinds of bandgap variations in the absorber film. The system of copper chalcopyrites covers the visible spectrum with a wide range of …

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The Dissolution Behavior of Pyrite and Chalcopyrite During Low

Based on the obtained microphotographs and EDX mappings presented in Figure 5, as well as the influence of increased initial concentrations of sulfuric acid and iron ions on the chalcopyrite dissolution degree, we can conclude that during low-temperature pressure oxidation, the surface is passivated by an elemental sulfur film, thereby limiting ...

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Preparation and characterization of chalcopyrite compound for …

This paper reviews the state of the art in using electrodeposition to prepare chalcopyrite absorber layers in thin film solar cells. Most of the studies deal with the direct preparation of …

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Solar Cells, Chalcopyrite-Based Thin Film | SpringerLink

This concentration is far beyond the net doping concentration in films of about 10 17 cm −3 in the photovoltaic active ... Hariskos D, Kaiser M, Ruckh M, Rühle U, Schock HW (1996) Electrical characterization of Cu(In, Ga)Se 2 chalcopyrite thin films: methods of influencing the effective doping. Cryst Res Technol 31:543. Google Scholar ...

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Toward Understanding Chalcopyrite Solar Cells via …

thin-film solar cells based on chalcopyrite, perovskite, and organic materials can be used to produce portable, flexible, wear- ... concentration via p-doping,[26,27] heavy AMs form a segregated AM-In-Se secondary phase at the grain boundaries and CdS/ CIGS interface, which passivates defects at the grain bounda- ...

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Hydrogen concentration in chalcopyrite thin-film solar cells

A survey of the hydrogen concentration distribution in the various layers of chalcopyrite solar cells is presented. Depth profiles were measured by the nuclear reaction analysis method for the …

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Formation of Cu(In,Ga)S2 chalcopyrite thin films

It was found that Zr and W co-doping of VO2 thin films with ~ 0.3 at% Zr and ~ 0.95 at% W concentration improves luminous transmittance to about 48.4% compared to 40.5 and 26.2% for pristine VO2 ...

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