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Types of Copper Deposits in the World | INN

There are two distinct types of copper deposits: sulfide ore and oxide ore. Currently, the most common source of copper ore is the sulfide ore mineral chalcopyrite, which …

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(PDF) Porphyry Copper Alteration overview

PDF | Summary of the different alteration types found in Porphyry Copper deposits with detailed mineralogy and spectral signatures. | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate

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Everything you need to know about VMS deposits

A few giant mineral deposits (greater than 30 Mt) and several copper-rich and zinc-rich deposits of median tonnage (~2 Mt) skew the averages. Several large VMS camps are known in Canada, including ...

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Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide (VMS) Deposits

Volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits are a type of mineral deposit that forms on or below the seafloor as a result of volcanic and hydrothermal activity. They are typically composed of metal sulfide minerals such as copper, zinc, lead, gold, and silver, and can also contain significant amounts of iron, sulfur, and other elements.VMS deposits are typically small …

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Boiler Water Deposits

Common feedwater contaminants that can form boiler deposits include calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, aluminum, silica, and (to a lesser extent) silt and oil. Most deposits can be classified as one of two types: scale that crystallized directly onto tube surfaces

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Hydrothermal Ore Deposits Flashcards

Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Ores formed by hydrothermal processes (hydrothermal veins), Ores formed by igneous processes within the earth (gravity settling), Ores formed by sedimentary processes (Residue of bauxite), Hydrothermal ore deposits are an important and varied group of ore deposits that form many of the worlds richest ore …

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Formation of iron oxide–apatite deposits

| Possible modes of ioa deposit formation in a volcanic arc setting. Large iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposits could form at depths of aproximately 3-5 km below the surface owing to an optimal ...

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Geology of Copper | Properties, Mining, and …

To understand how copper is formed, it helps to look at how porphyry deposits—the largest current sources of copper ore—form. The orebodies form in hydrothermal veins that are born in underground magma …

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Porphyry Deposits

Porphyry copper deposits comprise three broad types: ... However, volatile-enriched magmas emplaced in highly permeable rock are ore-forming processes that can be described in a series of models that represent successive stages in an evolving process. End-member models of hydrothermal regimes attempt to show contrasting conditions for systems ...

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Porphyry Deposits: The World's Largest Source of Copper

Porphyry copper deposits are generally composed of a "plug-like" igneous intrusion– a large magma body that is emplaced beneath a volcanic system. On average these deposits can have a vertical and horizontal extent of 1-2 km and can range from tens of millions to more than one billion tons in size. …

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A review of the geological characteristics and spatiotemporal

Gold and Cu deposits are developed in the CAOB (Lobanov et al., 2014, Pirajno et al., 2011, Seltmann et al., 2014, Soloviev et al., 2022a, Soloviev et al., 2022b, Yakubchuk et al., 2005, Daukeev, 2004), but there are relatively fewer Cu–Au deposits in the XCAOB.Although a lot of results have been achieved of Cu–Au deposits in the XCAOB, bue these above results are …

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Porphyry copper deposits of the world: database, map, and grade …

This publication contains a computer file of information on porphyry copper deposits from around the world. It also presents new grade and tonnage models for porphyry copper deposits and …

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9.3.1: Magmatic Ore Deposits

9.3: Types of Ore Deposits 9.3.1: Magmatic Ore Deposits Expand/collapse global location ... copper, and molybdenum and also large percentages of the available tin, silver, and mercury. Often, disseminated ores consist of minerals scattered randomly in a host rock. ... The deposits, which may form centimeters-, or meters-thick layer called a ...

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Tectonic Settings of Metal Deposits

M etallic deposits are commonly found at both continental and arc convergent plate margins. Along the Circum-Pacific Belt major metallic deposits occur in western North and South America, Japan, Philippines, New Zealand and Indonesia. More than half of the world's supply of copper comes from the Porphyry Copper Deposits of this region.

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Sedimentary Exhalative (SEDEX) Deposit

SEDEX, which stands for Sedimentary Exhalative, refers to a type of mineral deposit that is formed by the precipitation of ore minerals from hydrothermal fluids that are expelled into a water environment, typically in a marine sedimentary basin. These deposits are significant sources of lead, zinc, and silver, and they are found in geological settings where …

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USGS Mineral Resources Program Copper—A Metal for the …

Distribution of known copper deposits in 2008. Red indicates copper associated with igneous intrusions (porphyry copper deposits) and blue indicates copper contained in sedimentary …

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9.3.2: Hydrothermal Ore Deposits

9.3.2.1 Porphyry Deposits Figure 9.84: The mine workings at Morenci, Arizona. Porphyry deposits are a special kind of hydrothermal deposit. They form when hydrothermal fluids, derived from magmas at depth, carry metals toward the surface and deposit minerals to create disseminated ore deposits.

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Copper Provinces | Geology and Genesis of Major Copper Deposits …

Notwithstanding the importance of these deposit-scale geologic, regional tectonic, and erosion-rate criteria for effective copper deposit formation and preservation, they seem inadequate to explain the localization of premier copper provinces, such as the central Andes, southwestern North America, and Central African Copperbelt, in which ...

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Formation Conditions of Copper-Sandstone and Copper …

all cupriferous sandstones and shale-type deposits, the source of copper being terrigenous red-bed formations deposited under arid conditions. Copper was leached from these rock deposits by subsurface waters. Copper precipitation oc­ curred at hydrogen sulphide barriers, among which two types are recognized:

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12.3: Ore Genesis

The various theories of ore genesis explain how the various types of mineral deposits form within the Earth's crust. Ore genesis theories are dependent on the mineral or commodity. ... The world's major copper deposits are formed within the granitic porphyry copper style. Copper is enriched by processes during crystallisation of the granite ...

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The role of magmas in the formation of hydrothermal ore …

as the sedimentary-hosted deposits rich in copper, lead and zinc that form by compactive expulsion of fluids from large continen­ tal basins, and lode gold deposits associated with metamorph­ ism. Nevertheless, the flux of hydrothermal fluids responsible for these deposits is minor compared to that caused by circulation

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Formation Conditions of Copper-Sandstone and Copper-Shale Deposits

The concept introduced here suggests a common provenance of copper origin for all cupriferous sandstones and shale-type deposits, the source of copper being terrigenous red-bed formations deposited under arid conditions. Copper was leached from these rock deposits by...

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The sources of hydrothermal solutions to ore deposit types

Ore-forming (hydrothermal) fluids, consisting largely of H2O, CO2, and NaCl, formed most of Earth's ore deposits. The fluids exist as largely unconfined systems in meteoric, seawater, and basinal ...

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Polymetallic Vein Deposits

Polymetallic vein deposits are a type of mineral deposit characterized by the presence of multiple metals occurring in veins within host rocks. These deposits are valuable sources of various metals and are a significant focus of exploration and mining activities. Understanding the geological processes that lead to the formation of polymetallic vein deposits …

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USGS Mineral Resources Program Copper—A Metal for the …

the basis of how the deposits formed. Porphyry copper deposits, which are associated with igneous intrusions, yield about two-thirds of the world's copper and are therefore the world's most important type of copper deposit. Large copper deposits of this type are found in mountainous regions of western North and South America. Another ...

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(PDF) Ore deposit types and their primary expressions

types of ore deposits form in the secondary environment and then undergo later weathering so that they may have syn-depositional and post-depositional patterns that have both formed in the secondary

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Porphyry Copper Deposits of the World: Database, Map, and …

information available in digital form for porphyry copper deposits. This report is an update of an earlier publication about porphyry copper deposits (Singer, Berger, and Moring, 2001). In this report we have added 84 new porphyry copper ... related porphyry copper deposits (type 18a) were not addressed as a separate category because of the ...

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Tectonic Settings of Metal Deposits

More than half of the world's supply of copper comes from the Porphyry Copper Deposits of this region. Important deposits associated with present and former convergent margins are: Base metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Mo). Precious metals (Pt, …

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Copper Deposits

2.2 Ore genesis, grade and mineralogy of porphyry copper deposits. Porphyry copper deposits are formed when ore minerals are precipitated from high-temperature hydrothermal fluids (300–700 °C) exsolved from cooling magma in volcanic arc settings above subduction zones (Fig. 2; Richards, 2013).This type of copper deposit is named after the large-grained (cm-scale) …

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Lecture 5 hydrothermal ore deposits | PPT

iii) Epithermal Type 1) Epithermal deposits usually form temperature between 100 and 200°C. 2) Epithermal deposits usually form at shallow depths. Deposited normally within 1,000 m (3,000 ft.) of surface; …

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