0086-21-58386256

Study of plastic flow on intermetallic compounds formation in …

With the increasing demand of lightweight structures in various industry fields, including aerospace and offshore engineering, aluminum (Al) alloy/steel hybrid structure are gaining considerable attention because the hybrid structure can reduce the total weight while maintain superior strength of steel [[1], [2], [3]].To date, welding technology has become an …

WhatsApp: +86 18221755073

Steel production: from iron ore to functional industrial products.

Steel production starts with the transformation of the raw materials into a semi-finished product, and from this point on, the particular final form will be generated according to the desired function. It is possible to produce both steel beams for construction, or particular automotive parts from the same semi-finished product. How steel is made.

WhatsApp: +86 18221755073

Direct Reduced Iron and its Production Processes – IspatGuru

The first plant of Midrex process came into operation in May 17, 1969 at Oregon Steel mills in Portland, Oregon. The coal based rotary kiln process combines the Republic Steel-National Lead (RN) process developed in 1920s for beneficiating low grade ores, and the Stelco-Lurgi (SL) process conceived in the early 1960s for producing high-grade DRI.

WhatsApp: +86 18221755073

Formation, microstructure, and mechanical properties of …

Oscillating laser could improve the welding stability and eliminate defects compared to the conventional laser welding. In this paper, the butt joints of 304 stainless steel with 8 mm thickness were made by oscillation laser welding. The relationship between the oscillating parameters, energy distribution, flow dynamics, formation, microstructure, and …

WhatsApp: +86 18221755073

Weld formation characteristics and strengthening mechanism of …

To promote the application of steel/Al hybrid structures, researchers have developed many advanced heat source methods for welding steel and Al alloy, such as laser welding [11, 12], electron beam welding [13], friction stir welding [14, 15], magnetic pulse welding [16], and have achieved valuable research results.Welding-brazing is a welding method …

WhatsApp: +86 18221755073

1A Manufacturing Process for Iron and Steel

The figure shows a flowchart of the integrated manufacturing process for iron and steel using the blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace (denoted BF and BOF hereinafter, respectively), which …

WhatsApp: +86 18221755073

Analysis on surface morphology formation process of Al-Si …

They believe that δ-ferrite is the main reason for reducing the strength of Al-Si-coated steel laser-welded joints, but the Al element flow behavior has not been deeply studied. Therefore, the formation process and mechanism of the Al-Si-coated steel laser welded joint surface morphology are studied in this manuscript.

WhatsApp: +86 18221755073

Formation, Quantification and Significance of Delta Ferrite for 300

DeLong diagram of 1973, introducing the concept of Ferrite Number [13,14] 4.1.5 WRC-1988 and WRC-1992 Diagrams In order to improve the accuracy of ferrite prediction in stainless steel weld metal ...

WhatsApp: +86 18221755073

Iron Oxide Direct Reduction and Iron Nitride Formation Using

The steel industry is one of the main contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions, responsible for about 7 to 9% of the world's total output. The steel sector is under pressure to move toward net-zero emissions by reducing its consumption of coke as the main method of reducing iron-rich feed materials to iron. Due to its well-developed synthesis …

WhatsApp: +86 18221755073

Flow and fluctuation of molten steel under permanent magnet flow

During the continuous casting process, the formation of defects is closely related to the behavior of molten steel flow in the mold [].However, the flow, heat transfer and solidification behaviors of molten steel in the mold are extremely complex process, which are influenced by multiple factors, such as the jet angle of the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) [2, 3], the …

WhatsApp: +86 18221755073

1. Steelmaking process flow chart for a typical steel …

The goal of this research project is to develop an industrially viable melting process that will control the crystallization macrostructure of austenitic grades of cast steels. Titanium nitride...

WhatsApp: +86 18221755073

Unlocking Steel Secrets with a Simple Steelmaking Diagram …

The article explains the steel production process using a detailed steelmaking diagram, which visually breaks down each step from raw material preparation to finishing processes. It covers two main methods of steelmakingBasic Oxygen Steelmaking BOS and Electric Arc Furnace EAFand outlines stages such as ironmaking, intermediate product …

WhatsApp: +86 18221755073

(PDF) iron-steel making From start to finish

Presentation will help to provide basic principle and brief overview of iron making to steel making process. which is cover each and every stage …

WhatsApp: +86 18221755073

A comparative experimental analysis of the scale formation of …

Steel is a pivotal material for modern societies. It is used in every industrial branch as well as a construction material and accounts for 95% of the world wide metal production [1].However, the global steel industry has a share of approximately 8% of the global energy demand and therefore, contributes to 7%–10% of energy related CO 2 emissions [2], [3], [4].

WhatsApp: +86 18221755073

CCT diagram of AISI 4340 steel. | Download Scientific Diagram

The kinetics of ferritic transformation and the corresponding microstructural evolution in 0.17C-3.1Mn-1.6Al-0.04Nb-0.22Mo-0.22Si medium-Mn steel during isothermal annealing was investigated in ...

WhatsApp: +86 18221755073

Flow diagram of iron ore sintering process [13]

A flow diagram of ore sintering is shown in Figure 3. The mix is sintered on a continuous, traveling grate called a sinter strand, which consists of multiple trolleys whose number is specific for ...

WhatsApp: +86 18221755073

Formation, Evolution and Removal of MgO·Al2O3 Spinel Inclusions in Steel

MgO·Al2O3 spinel inclusions are generally found in steel, and required be controlled during steelmaking process due to the influences on continuous casting and the quality of final products.

WhatsApp: +86 18221755073

The flow diagram and sampling point of EAF steel …

The flow diagram and sampling point of EAF steel-making plants are showed in Fig. 1. The plants were labelled as E1, E2, and E3. Sample information on the three plants mentioned above is itemized ...

WhatsApp: +86 18221755073

Forging & Grain Flow

If you have questions about the forging process or want to learn more about the benefits of forging, reach out to our experts at Trenton Forging. Founded in 1967, we're an American forging manufacturer specializing in impression die forging. We can produce both symmetrical and asymmetrical components from steel, stainless steel, and steel alloys.

WhatsApp: +86 18221755073

Microstructure evolution, phase formation, corrosion, and …

The grain orientation coloring diagram of the specimens along the building direction at three representative sintering temperatures are shown in Fig. 3. The specimens at each sintering temperature exhibit equiaxed austenite grains with a large number of annealing twinning structures. The cause of formation of austenite grains and twinning ...

WhatsApp: +86 18221755073

Full-Process Numerical Simulation of Flow, Heat Transfer and

Thin slab casting and rolling (TSCR) is a near-net-shape manufacturing process and a key development technology in China's iron and steel industry. This study uses cross-scale calculations to analyze the complete process of thin slab casting. The focus is on simulating and predicting the final solidification structure by adjusting process parameters. The aim is to …

WhatsApp: +86 18221755073

Time Temperature Transformation Diagrams – IspatGuru

Fig 5 CCT diagram for eutectoid steel. Transformation on continuous cooling – In the heat-treatment operations involving continuous cooling from the austenitic condition, transformation occurs over a range of temperatures rather than at a single constant temperature, and hence the final structure is a mixture of isothermal transformation products. . The TTT …

WhatsApp: +86 18221755073

Steel Manufacturing Process

The process starts in the center of the wheel with the three main ingredients of iron in the form of iron ore, coke and lime, which are fed into a blast furnace to produce molten iron. The molten …

WhatsApp: +86 18221755073

Modeling of manganese sulfide formation during the solidification of steel

Model background. Figure 1 describes the flow chart of the proposed model. In the coupled model, the solute enrichment in the residual liquid steel was estimated using Ohnaka's model [].The thermodynamic equilibrium at the solidification interface was calculated using ChemApp [] and the ChemSage datafile.The datafile was created from FactSage 7.0 based on …

WhatsApp: +86 18221755073

Diagrams showing proposed mechanisms for the formation of …

Diagrams showing proposed mechanisms for the formation of oscillation marks, adapted from Tomono [1]: (a) overflow, where liquid metal overflows the solidified meniscus; and (b) folding, where the ...

WhatsApp: +86 18221755073

Unveiling the mechanisms behind texture formation and its …

The microstructure change during the drawing process has been extensively studied over the past decades. During the wire drawing process, as the applied force progressively increases, the strength of the steel wire continuously increases, and a preferred <110> crystallographic axis parallel to the wire axis gradually emerges [4], [5], [6], [7].This …

WhatsApp: +86 18221755073

Flowchart of iron and steelmaking processes [8]

Iron is converted into steel in the BOF steel making process while EAF process recycles mainly steel scraps. The steel from BOF and EAF can be processed into high grade steels, by passing them...

WhatsApp: +86 18221755073

Formation of Structure and Properties of Low-Carbon Bainite in Steel

It can be seen from the thermokinetic diagram of decomposition of supercooled austenite (Fig. 2) that bainite forms in the steel in a wide range of cooling rates (up to 15 K/sec) and has peculiar structural features. To provide a relatively homogeneous and identical structural state, all the samples were subjected to 30-min normalizing at 940°C with cooling in still air at …

WhatsApp: +86 18221755073

Process flow chart for manufacturing of 300M steel

Figure 1 presents the flow chart showing the fabrication process of 300M steel. For centerline examination, a slice of 150 mm diameter and 40 mm length was cut from the finished forged bar ...

WhatsApp: +86 18221755073

& STRAND CASTINGSTRANDCASTING

ends flow from the ladle to prevent slag carry over into the tundish. The tundish is specifically designed with flow controls to prevent any contaminants from entering the casting mold. The liquid steel in the tundish is covered with a controlled slag designed to promote clean steel. Steel from the tundish is controlled by stopper rods.

WhatsApp: +86 18221755073

Solutions