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The metallurgy of antimony

A more efficient method uses a reverberatory furnace and continuous liquation, however a reducing atmosphere must be provided to prevent oxidation of antimony sulfide and loss by volatilization. The oxide volatilization process to recover additional antimony usually treats the residue, containing 12–30% antimony.

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A novel vacuum distillation method for preparing high purity antimony

High purity antimony trisulfide has been widely used in the photovoltaic field. A new clean process for preparing high purity antimony trisulfide directly from antimony ore by a two-step vacuum distillation method at low temperature was proposed in this study. Impurity arsenic was volatilized into the gas phase, and antimony and other impurities were retained in the residue …

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Progressive low-temperature volatilization control: Efficient

Therefore, converting As(V) to the more volatile As 2 O 3 while suppressing the volatilization of antimony presents a challenge for the pyrometallurgical process. ... In this study, we conducted an in-depth investigation of a progressive low-temperature volatilization control method for effectively separating As and Sb from flue dust.

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Direct extracting lead sulfide and antimony trisulfide via a vacuum

The decomposition behavior of jamesonite (Pb 4 FeSb 6 S 14) in argon and 10 Pa, the volatilization of pure sulfides and the vacuum distillation behavior of jamesonite under 10 Pa were also studied. The separation of lead and antimony via two methods, namely multi-step condensation and one-step multi-stage condensation was developed.

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Green and Effective Purification of Antimony and Recovery of …

Noble antimony is the carrier of precious metals in the antimony smelting system and has a very high added value. This study proposes a novel, green, and effective vacuum gasification process for purifying antimony and recovering precious metals from noble antimony. Saturated vapor pressure and separation coefficients (β) were used to qualitatively analyze the …

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Validation and deployment of a quantitative trapping method to measure

Validation and deployment of a quantitative trapping method to measure volatile antimony emissions ... Microbial-mediated Sb volatilization is a poorly understood part of the Sb biogeochemical cycle. This is mostly due to a lack of laboratory and field-deployable methods that are capable of quantifying low-level emissions of Sb from diffuse ...

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Extraction Process of Antimony from Stibnite by Electrothermal

A low-temperature and sulfur-fixing smelting process was applied to separate antimony from stibnite. The results show that the direct recovery rate of Sb is 90% (mass fraction), and the grade of ...

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The volatilization law of standard impurity elements in 3 N antimony

However, the volatilization of the main metal antimony was also reduced by approximately 80 % because the generated Al-As compound covered the volatilization surface of the melt. Herein, vacuum distillation theories such as saturation vapor pressure, the theoretical maximum volatilization rate of antimony and some impurities, the mean free path ...

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The effect of straw-returning on antimony and arsenic volatilization

This method was never validated, but the authors reported that only 51% of the antimony was recovered from the traps [69]. Recently, a method developed originally for volatile arsines was used to ...

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METHODS FOR PROCESSING OF ANTIMONY …

Methods of reducing melting and sulfide-alkaline leaching of antimony sulfide concentrates to obtain metallic antimony and antimony trioxide are discussed, and methods of refining …

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Antimony(V) volatilization with bromide and determination by

Antimony(V) is volatilized by reaction with potassium bromide in concentrated sulfuric acid media. After volatilization, the gases can be transported to an inductively coupled plasma spectrometer for atomic emission of antimony and its analytical determination. The influent factors, concentrated sulfuric acid volume, concentration and volume of the potassium bromide …

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Exploring arsenic removal behavior in purification process of antimony

In a word, if the volatilization degrees can be reached the above volatilization degrees, η removal and η residual are both higher than 60 %, which the productive rate of purified Sb matrix metal is relatively acceptable in the actual production process. Therefore, the volatilization degrees of 36.50 %, 35.95 %, and 38.44 % are the optimal ...

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Volatilization of Arsenic and Antimony from …

Fig. 4. As volatilization proceeds rapidly as the temperature increases and at 700°C, volatilization rate of As was reached over 95%, while Sb was not volatilized. It implies that volatilization of As is more quickly than Sb. However, the vast majority of As (>99%) was volatilized above 800°C, Sb volatilization was occurred together with As ...

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High-purity antimony sulfide condensate produced from …

This paper proposes vacuum distillation as a technical method for preparing antimony sulfide from heterogeneous antimony sulfide ores. The volatilization rate of antimony sulfide was measured at 5 Pa pressure. ... The volatilization of antimony sulfide was relatively flat within 773 ∼ 823 K, with a volatilization rate of 21.18 %. At 873 K ...

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ROASTING THERMODYNAMIC OF ANTIMONY AND …

antimony is stibnite (Sb 2 S 3) and jamesonite (Pb 4 FeSb 6 S 14) [3-5]. The traditional method for the production of antimony is volatilization smelting followed by reduction smelting [6-7], which consists of two steps: oxidative volatilization of Sb 2 S 3 and reducing smelting of Sb 2 O 3 [8-9]. The reduction smelting is relatively mature and ...

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Antimony release and volatilization from rice paddy soils: Field …

Antimony (Sb) is classified as a priority pollutant of interest by the EU and the US-EPA (CEC, 1998).The World Health Organization recommends Sb concentration to be below 20 μg L −1 in drinking water (WHO, 2003).Major sources of Sb contamination in soils, sediments, and waters are ammunition (e.g., shooting ranges), mining, smelting, and coal combustion …

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Mechanism of stibnite volatilization at high temperature

special furnace methods [8−9], and 3) electrolysis of a solution containing the metal in sodium sulphide [10−13]. Volatilization roasting−reduction smelting is mainly used to produce antimony from sulfide ores and concentrates. In this process, antimony sulphide is volatilized and then oxidized into antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) in a rotary kiln

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Evaporation rate and kinetic mechanism of noble antimony under …

Herein, a novel mathematical and statistical method is applied to the kinetic study of vacuum gasification of noble-antimony alloys. The evaporation rates of pure and noble antimony in a unit time at 823–1023 K and 5–600 Pa are determined using a vacuum differential gravimetric furnace, and their respective evaporation mechanisms under vacuum are analyzed in detail in …

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Antimony release and volatilization from rice paddy soils: Field …

The fate of antimony (Sb) in submerged soils and the impact of common agricultural practices (e.g., manuring) on Sb release and volatilization is understudied.

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A Review on Pyrometallurgical Extraction of Antimony from

Antimony is classified as a critical/strategic metal. Its primary production is predominated by China via pyrometallurgical routes such as volatilization roasting—reduction smelting or direct reduction smelting. The performance of most of the pyro-processes is very sensitive to concentrate type and grade. Therefore, technology selection for a greenfield plant …

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Direct extracting lead sulfide and antimony trisulfide via a vacuum

It is determined that 700 °C and 120 min are the best experimental conditions for enriching antimony trisulfide. The volatilization rate of antimony trisulfide reaches 95.35% and the purity is 99 ...

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A novel process for directional impurity removal and preparation …

The current processes for producing high-purity antimony include electrolytic refining, chlorination-distillation-reduction, straight-pull purification, and regional smelting [10].Among these processes, the electrolytic refining method can produce 4 N antimony; however, electrolysis conditions are harsh, and the process produces the highly toxic gases AsH 3 and …

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METALLURGY

Volatilization Roasting is the process of volatilizing the sulfur and forming antimony crude oxide (Sb2O3) Sb2S3 +9O→Sb2O3+3 SO2; begins at 290°, rapid at 520° and finishes at 560° (Saito); begins at 290°, if the size of the grain is 0·1 mm. in diameter, at 343° of 0·1 to 0·2 mm., and 430° if 0·2 mm. (Friedrich); commences at 190 ...

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Preparation of Antimony Sulfide and Enrichment of …

Electrodeposited antimony can be treated with sulfuration–volatilization technology, which causes antimony to volatilize in the form of antimony sulfide. During this process, gold is enriched in the residue, …

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Volatility and Vapor Pressure Measurements of Antimony …

Volatilization of the antimony and arsenic components in fused oxides is of great concern in production of metals as well as treatment of secondaries such as residues, dusts and ashes …

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A Review on Pyrometallurgical Extraction of Antimony from

Mo-tang and Gui-zhong proposed the BF volatilization-smelting route for the production of crude antimony oxide and antimony-copper matte to prevent the deportment of …

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WO2020132751A1

The present application relates to a method for obtaining antimony trioxide (Sb2O3), arsenic trioxide (As2O3) and metal lead (Pb) from a mineral containing predominantly antimonite. The first step begins with a process of oxidative roasting of the sulfide mineral in rotary ovens, at a controlled temperature close to 500°C, to oxidise antimony trioxide and arsenic trioxide and …

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The volatilization law of standard impurity elements in 3 N …

A new clean process for preparing high purity antimony trisulfide directly from antimony ore by a two-step vacuum distillation method at low temperature was proposed in …

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Fungal volatilization of arsenic and antimony and the sudden …

1 Introduction. Toxic gases resulting from the biological volatilization of group Vb elements (phosphorus, arsenic and antimony) have been implicated in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) [].Antimony, the element attracting most attention, is present primarily as a fire retardant in PVC used to make mattress covers [2, 3].Also, it has been suggested that …

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Process for directly producing super fine antimony trioxide by

Straight well stove volatilization roasting method is to be fuel with the coke, is raw material with the antimony sulfide, utilizes the easy volatile of antimony, and volatile substances such as antimony, arsenic, lead are become gaseous state, enters cooling, dust collecting system with furnace gas, thereby realizes separating the stibium trioxide that obtains purifying with …

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