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A novel optimal formula of nickel extraction: arsenic removal …

restrictions on the export of nickel (Erickson, 2022), the price of nickel ore shows an overall upward trend, with the discord between supply and demand becoming increasingly conspicuous. Thus, certain minerals, which were formerly deemed to be of low value, such as nickel arsenide ore, have become prospective contenders for nickel extraction.

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Lead, Nickel, Arsenic, and Chromium Contamination in Nigerian

14.2.1 Geological Sources. Geology plays a crucial role in determining the nature, characteristics, and chemistry of groundwater, as well as the yield and retention of specific aquifers [17, 34].It controls the release of heavy metals and other contaminants into groundwater systems (Fig. 14.2, []).Nigeria is divided into six geopolitical regions, each with unique geology …

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Frontiers | A novel optimal formula of nickel extraction: arsenic

1 Introduction. Nickel is an important strategic metal with widespread applications in stainless steel and clean energy fields (Pariser et al., 2018; Poole et al., 2022).The consumption of nickel has reached 2.89 million tons in 2022 and the International Nickel Study Group (INSG) expects this to reach 3.22 million tons in 2023 ().In recent years, the growth of nickel …

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Reducing the magnesium oxide content in Trojan's nickel final …

Trojan Nickel Mine in Bindura, Zimbabwe, produces nickel concentrates which, until 2008, were then processed at their smelter operations (Bindura Smelter and Refinery) and the subsequent product sent to the hydrometallurgical plant to produce nickel cathodes. ... monthly revenue due to smelter penalties amounted to an estimated total of US$141 ...

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How The Development of Awaruite Deposits in Canada May Help

The U.S. Government (USGS) sees a better way saying: "The development of awaruite deposits in other parts of Canada may help alleviate any prolonged shortage of nickel concentrate. Awaruite, a ...

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Arsenic-­rich Zones in Nickel Sulphide Mineralisation

Arsenic minerals can induce crippling penalties at the smelter, if they are not well characterised and kept out of the nickel sulphide concentrate. To illustrate the accuracy of the scanning results, they are compared to conventional …

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Poseidon Nickel (POS)

Low levels of arsenic add to the quality of the concentrate. Arsenic is toxic and must be removed from nickel concentrate in the smelting process. High levels of arsenic will attract penalties to the price paid for the concentrate. Positive Conclusion These very positive results indicate nickel mineralisation within the Golden Swan mineralised ...

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Management of Minor Elements | PPT

3. Green Processing 2006: 5-6 June 3 BackgroundBackground Australia exports ~ 3 millions of tpa of copper, nickel, lead and zinc in form of concentrate and refined metals. Base metal ores contain low levels (1- 104 …

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The whys and wherefores of penalty elements in copper concentrates

Arsenic is considered a "penalty element" [1, 2], and its removal in copper metallurgy presents a scientific and technological challenge; smelters impose penalties on the price of the concentrate ...

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Teck's CESL Nickel Process: Advancing Towards a …

0.2-2% nickel, to an acceptable concentrate grade of 10 to 20% nickel. Concentrate smelting produces a high grade nickel matte which is then refined hydrometallurgically. With the majority of the world's nickel supply coming via pyrometallurgical processes, the technology has proven to be quite robust over the years.

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Penalty fees for Cu concentrates with high As-grade.

Meanwhile, countries which import this mineral concentrate are expected to impose economic penalties based on the arsenic content of the concentrate [72, 73]. Thus, from economical point of view ...

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Handheld XRF Analyzers Enhance Mineral Exploration and …

Figure 4. Arsenic-rich Gersdorffite veins bordering massive nickel sulfide. High arsenic is penalized in concentrate grades and must be removed or blended down prior to delivery to the smelter (photo taken at Silver Swan Nickel Mine, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia).

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Penalty element separation from copper concentrates utilizing …

This thesis will focus on the separation of the deleterious elements, also known as penalty elements, mainly bismuth and arsenic from a copper concentrate using froth flotation techniques. The ability to separate penalty elements from copper concentrates will directly benefit mining companies by creating a final copper concentrate that will ...

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OneMine | Oxidative Acid Leaching of a Nickel Sulphide Concentrate

Under the most suitable conditions the extractions of nickel, cobalt and arsenic at 90oC after 6 hours were >95%, 90% and <5%, respectively. The comparison with results from high pressure operations indicates the possibility of using a hydrometallurgical flowsheet based on fine grinding and atmospheric pressure leaching and warrants further ...

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HYDROMETALLURGY | 11 Handling increasing impurities

the removal of arsenic, antimony and other penalty elements from copper, lead and nickel sulphide concentrates. The flowsheet consists of an atmospheric tank caustic leach followed …

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The Whys and Wherefores of Penalty Elements in Copper Concentrates …

It is commonly known that copper smelter terms include penalties if the concentrations of elements, such as arsenic, mercury and fluorine, exceed stipulated limits. It is less commonly known that the behaviour of these elements in the smelters can depend on the processes used to treat the concentrate. The principle behind the penalties is to compensate the smelters and …

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A review of copper–arsenic mineral removal from copper concentrates

The onus is to move back to concentrate producers to remove toxic elements, such as arsenic, earlier in the concentrate supply chain. The common copper–arsenic bearing minerals in copper ores, enargite (Cu 3 AsS 4 ) and tennantite (Cu 12 As 4 S 13 ), contain significant amounts of copper; 48.4% and 51.6% respectively.

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Selective leaching of penalty elements from copper concentrates: …

Semantic Scholar extracted view of "Selective leaching of penalty elements from copper concentrates: A review" by Daniel J. Lane et al. ... The selective leaching of arsenic using sodium hypochlorite was evaluated in order to reduce its concentration in a copper concentrate. The best conditions achieved in the synthetic concentrate were ...

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Typical copper smelter penalty element costs. | Download Table

Download Table | Typical copper smelter penalty element costs. from publication: The Application and Economics of Industrial Alkaline Leaching of Copper Enargite Concentrates | As demand for ...

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Selling Metal Concentrates: Payable Metal, Treatment

For a lead-zinc concentrate typical penalties include bismuth, mercury, antimony, cadmium, nickel, cobalt and copper. There are many other penalty elements and if some elements are …

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The Direct Leaching of Nickel Sulfide Flotation Concentrates – A

The extraction of nickel (Ni) from sulfide resources commences with flotation to produce a concentrate which is then smelted to produce a nickel-enriched phase called matte, and further refined to ...

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Processing of Arsenic-Containing Manitoba Nickel …

Voisey's Bay sourced nickel concentrate (<10 μg/g arsenic). In 2016, nickel concentrate from Vale's Manitoba Division containing up to 1000 μg/g arsenic was investigated as a possible candidate for recovery via the Long Harbour flowsheet. This study was divided into several stages where the ultimate goal of was to examine the stability ...

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Selective leaching of penalty elements from copper concentrates: …

Penalty element charges can largely influence the negotiated price for the sale of copper concentrate. In general, the price of copper concentrate will depend on: the market price for London Metal Exchange (LME) Grade A copper cathode; the payable copper content in the concentrate; treatment and refining charges; credits for valuable metals in the concentrate …

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Awaruite, a New Large Nickel Resource: Flotation under Weakly …

Rougher, followed by cleaner stages of flotation, showed that a high-grade concentrate can be produced with up to 45% nickel, 1.3% cobalt, 0.7% copper and negligible concentrations of penalty elements, such as arsenic, lead, and selenium, among others.

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Two-Stage Oxidative Leaching of Low-Grade Copper–Zinc Sulfide Concentrate

This may be supported by the fact that the arsenic content in all chemical leaching residues was higher than that in the concentrate (3.70, 1.95, and 2.35% in the residue obtained after the leaching without NaCl, in the presence of 0.5 M NaCl, and 1 M NaCl, respectively) and by comparatively high tennantite content in the leaching residues.

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Effect of Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth in Co-processing of …

5, where the nickel extraction is plotted as a function of the Fe:As mole ratio in the concentrate for various autoclave reaction times. The minimum Fe:As mole ratio, and projected arsenic content, of the concentrate to reach 95% nickel extraction from the laterite ore is summarized in Table 4.

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HYDROMETALLURGY | 11 Handling increasing impurities

The result is a copper in concentrate of 50-60% together with the gold. The iron passes into solution accompanied by other ... the removal of arsenic, antimony and other penalty elements from copper, lead and nickel sulphide concentrates. The flowsheet consists of an atmospheric tank caustic leach

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Arsenic in Copper Concentrate

In a certain case study of "high" Arsenic in Copper Concentrate (almost 0.5% As) produced by flotation, and where the Cu Conc is mostly chalcopyrite and ... Tennantite/enargite contributes to elevated levels of arsenic, which may incur smelter penalties. Copper concentrates recently tested for mineralogy both measured about 0.44 percent arsenic ...

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Bioleaching of flotation by-products of talc production permits the

The effect of different pulp densities of nickel flotation concentrate on the extraction of nickel (a), cobalt (b), arsenic (c), ferrous iron (d), total dissolved iron (e) and on redox potentials (f) in continuously stirred tank reactors at a pH of 3.0 and at 27 °C. Numbers by charts are the final yields (%) of nickel and cobalt after 56 days.

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China to tighten import thresholds for impurities in metal …

For instance, the maximum arsenic content allowed in copper concentrate has been lowered to 0.4% from 0.5%; the level allowed in lead concentrate has been lowered from 0.7% to 0.6%; and that for zinc concentrate has been capped at …

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